CySec blog

Vulnerabilities & CVE

Analysis of important vulnerabilities and CVEs: what was affected, which versions fix them and how to protect your systems.

N-able N-central “4EverAble2Shell” zero-day: when the remote management server is the target

A newly disclosed exploit chain gives attackers root on on-premises N-central servers; attacks began hours after the proof of concept. No complete fix yet — immediate checks.

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Outlook zero-day CVE-2026-124194 and November 2026 Patch Tuesday: what to update first

An exploited Outlook flaw leaks NTLM password hashes from a crafted file. Microsoft fixed over 1,000 vulnerabilities this month — here is what to prioritise.

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Chrome zero-day CVE-2026-125350: update the browser and restart it

Google fixed a use-after-free in Chrome that is already exploited. The fix only works after the browser restarts — here is how to make sure every PC is protected.

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SonicWall SSL VPN (CVE-2026-19868): exploited flaw that bypasses SAML and MFA

On SonicWall firewalls that use SAML for SSL VPN, attackers with stolen credentials could skip SAML checks — including MFA. Fixed firmware and what to do.

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OpenSSH “SSHole” (CVE-2026-123158): password bypass on Alpine and other musl-based Linux

A flaw in how OpenSSH handles locked accounts on musl-based systems was exploited within two days of the fix. Who is affected and what to check.

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PHP2Shell (CVE-2026-109618, CVE-2026-109619): critical PHP flaws — what to update

Two critical remote code execution flaws in PHP itself, CVSS 9.2. Fixed versions, temporary protections and how to check your servers.

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nginx vulnerabilities in 2026: which version you need and how to protect it

In 2026 nginx.org has published 26 advisories, including two rated “major”. The safe versions now are 1.31.7 and 1.30.6.

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Windows zero-days exploited in 2026: what was attacked and what to do

Shell, Mark-of-the-Web and NTLM flaws were exploited before or soon after patches this year. A short overview and the protections that help against the whole class.

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MikroTik RouterOS: actively exploited SSH and WebFig flaws in 2026

Three RouterOS vulnerabilities are already used in attacks. Which RouterOS versions are safe and how to lock down management access.

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FortiGate and FortiCloud SSO (CVE-2026-24858): exploited login bypass — check your version

A critical authentication bypass in FortiOS, FortiManager, FortiAnalyzer and other Fortinet products was exploited in the wild. Fixed versions and checks.

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Windows Server Update Services (CVE-2025-59287): when the update server itself was attacked

A deserialization flaw in WSUS allowed unauthenticated code execution. The first fix was incomplete; an emergency update followed after attacks began.

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Cisco ASA and FTD (CVE-2025-20333, CVE-2025-20362): zero-days in VPN firewalls

Two chained flaws in Cisco firewall VPN services were exploited before patches existed, prompting an emergency directive. What owners of Cisco ASA should check.

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SharePoint “ToolShell” (CVE-2025-53770): on-premises SharePoint servers under attack

A zero-day in on-premises SharePoint let attackers run code and steal server keys. Why patching had to be followed by rotating machine keys.

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Really Simple Security (CVE-2024-10924): a security plugin that let attackers log in as admin

An authentication bypass in a plugin installed on about 4 million WordPress sites. Ironically, it affected sites that had turned on two-factor authentication.

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Veeam Backup & Replication (CVE-2024-40711): when attackers target your backups first

A critical flaw in a popular backup server allowed code execution without a password and was used by ransomware groups. How to protect the backup system itself.

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WordPress LiteSpeed Cache (CVE-2024-28000): any visitor could become an administrator

A weak security hash in a caching plugin used on millions of sites allowed unauthenticated privilege escalation. Update and check your admin users.

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GiveWP donation plugin (CVE-2024-5932): remote code execution through a donation form

A PHP object injection in a popular donation plugin let unauthenticated attackers run code and delete files. What site owners should do.

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Windows TCP/IP IPv6 (CVE-2024-38063): zero-click remote code execution

Specially crafted IPv6 packets could run code on any Windows machine with IPv6 enabled — no login, no user action. Patch first; disabling IPv6 was only a fallback.

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regreSSHion (CVE-2024-6387): a remote code execution flaw in the OpenSSH server

An old bug returned to OpenSSH and allowed unauthenticated code execution as root on Linux servers. Why SSH should never be wide open.

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CosmicSting (CVE-2024-34102): the flaw that compromised thousands of Magento stores

An XML external entity flaw in Adobe Commerce and Magento Open Source let attackers steal secret keys and, combined with another bug, run code. Patching alone was not enough.

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Palo Alto GlobalProtect (CVE-2024-3400): a maximum-severity firewall flaw

Command injection in the VPN feature of PAN-OS allowed attackers to run commands as root on the firewall itself. What to learn about edge devices.

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XZ Utils backdoor (CVE-2024-3094): the supply-chain attack that was caught just in time

A backdoor was hidden in a compression library used by Linux SSH servers. It was found by chance before reaching most stable systems. What it teaches about trust in software.

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FortiOS SSL VPN (CVE-2024-21762): code execution without a password

An out-of-bounds write in the FortiGate SSL VPN let unauthenticated attackers run code, and it was exploited in the wild. Versions to install and what to do if you cannot update.

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Ivanti Connect Secure (CVE-2023-46805, CVE-2024-21887): a VPN chain exploited before patches existed

Two chained flaws gave attackers full control of Ivanti VPN gateways. Why a factory reset was recommended even after patching.

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Citrix Bleed (CVE-2023-4966): stolen sessions that bypass passwords and MFA

A memory leak in NetScaler let attackers copy logged-in sessions. Why patching alone was not enough and what to do after a VPN gateway flaw.

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MOVEit Transfer (CVE-2023-34362): how a file-sharing tool became a mass data theft

A SQL injection in a managed file transfer product let a ransomware group steal data from hundreds of organizations. What it teaches about file exchange systems.

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Joomla (CVE-2023-23752): how a “medium” flaw exposed database passwords

An improper access check in Joomla 4 web service endpoints let anyone read the site configuration — including database credentials.

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Atlassian Confluence (CVE-2022-26134): unauthenticated code execution in a company wiki

A zero-day in Confluence Server and Data Center let anyone run code on the server. Internal knowledge bases are rarely treated as critical — they should be.

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Follina (CVE-2022-30190): a Word document that ran code without macros

Attackers abused the Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool through Office documents. No macros, sometimes not even opening the file was needed.

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Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228): the logging library that shook the internet

One line of text in a log could give attackers full control of a server. Why Log4Shell still matters and how to make sure you are protected.

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HiveNightmare / SeriousSAM (CVE-2021-36934): any user could read the password database

Wrong permissions on Windows registry files let normal users read password hashes through shadow copies. Installing the update alone was not enough.

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PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-34527): when the print service endangered domain controllers

A flaw in the Windows Print Spooler allowed code execution with SYSTEM rights, including on domain controllers. Why the print service should be off where it is not needed.

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ProxyLogon (CVE-2021-26855): when on-premises Exchange servers were hacked en masse

A chain of Exchange Server flaws let attackers take over mail servers without a password. Lessons for anyone still running Exchange on-premises.

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VMware ESXi OpenSLP (CVE-2021-21974): patched in 2021, mass-exploited by ESXiArgs in 2023

A two-year-old fix that many hosts never installed. In February 2023 the ESXiArgs ransomware encrypted thousands of exposed ESXi servers.

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WP File Manager (CVE-2020-25213): a zero-day that let anyone upload files to WordPress

A file manager plugin with about 700,000 installations allowed unauthenticated file upload and code execution. A classic lesson about risky plugins.

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Zerologon (CVE-2020-1472): taking over a Windows domain in seconds

A cryptographic flaw in the Netlogon protocol let an attacker on the network become domain administrator. Why domain controllers must be patched first.

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SMBGhost (CVE-2020-0796): a wormable flaw in SMBv3 compression

Three years after EternalBlue, a new SMB vulnerability with a maximum score affected Windows 10. Patch, and keep port 445 closed to the internet.

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CurveBall (CVE-2020-0601): fake certificates that Windows trusted

A flaw in Windows certificate validation, reported by the NSA, let attackers forge code signatures and HTTPS certificates.

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Citrix ADC and Gateway (CVE-2019-19781): when mitigation came before the patch

A path traversal in Citrix ADC let attackers run code without logging in. Patches took a month — mitigation steps were the only defence in the meantime.

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BlueKeep (CVE-2019-0708): the wormable Remote Desktop flaw

A pre-authentication bug in Remote Desktop Services was so serious that Microsoft even patched Windows XP. Why RDP must never face the internet.

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Pulse Secure VPN (CVE-2019-11510): stolen VPN passwords that kept working after the patch

An unauthenticated file read on Pulse Connect Secure exposed cleartext credentials. Organizations that patched but did not reset passwords stayed compromised.

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MikroTik Winbox (CVE-2018-14847): the bug that turned routers into botnets

A Winbox flaw let attackers download the router's user database. Years later, unpatched routers were still being hijacked for cryptomining and botnets.

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Drupalgeddon2 (CVE-2018-7600): remote code execution in Drupal core

A flaw in Drupal's form handling let anyone run code on millions of Drupal sites. It is still scanned for today.

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EternalBlue (MS17-010, CVE-2017-0144): the SMBv1 flaw behind WannaCry and NotPetya

Microsoft patched it in March 2017. Two months later, WannaCry hit unpatched networks worldwide. The lessons still apply to every office network.

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