Zerologon (CVE-2020-1472): taking over a Windows domain in seconds

A cryptographic flaw in the Netlogon protocol let an attacker on the network become domain administrator. Why domain controllers must be patched first.

Publicly disclosed: 11 August 2020

In the August 2020 security updates Microsoft fixed a flaw in Netlogon, the protocol computers use to authenticate to domain controllers. Because of a weakness in how it used cryptography, an attacker with network access to a domain controller could reset the controller's own account password and take over the entire Windows domain — in seconds, without any credentials. Public exploits appeared in September 2020 and ransomware groups adopted it quickly.

CVESeverityAffectedFixed in
CVE-2020-1472Critical, CVSS 10.0 (privilege escalation)Windows Server domain controllers (2008 R2 – 2019)August 2020 updates; enforcement mode from February 2021

How to protect

  1. Patch domain controllers first — they are the keys to every account in the company.
  2. Make sure enforcement mode is active (it became mandatory with the February 2021 updates) and replace or update devices that need insecure Netlogon connections.
  3. Do not let ordinary networks reach domain controllers on every port; segment server networks.
  4. Monitor domain controller events for unexpected password changes of machine accounts.

If the domain controller falls, everything behind it falls. Patch it first, not last.

Sources: Microsoft CVE-2020-1472, NVD CVE-2020-1472.

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